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| Racinaea | aeris-incola, spiculosa var. ustulata, spiculosa var. spiculosa |
| Racosperma | dealbatum, longifolium, melanoxylon, paradoxum |
| Raddiella | esenbeckii |
| Radiovittaria | stipitata |
| Radlkoferotoma | berroi, cistifolium, ramboi |
| Ramorinoa | girolae |
| Randia | brevituba, claesii, ferox, heteromera, micracantha |
| Ranunculus | acaulis, acris, apiifolius, aquatilis, arvensis, biternatus, bonariensis var. bonariensis, bonariensis var. phyteumifolius, bonariensis var. trisepalus, bonariensis var. januarii, caprarum, catharinensis, chilensis, filamentosus, flagelliformis, fuegianus, grisebachii, hillii, hydrophilus, lancipetalus, maclovianus, muricatus, parviflorus, peduncularis var. erodiifolius, peduncularis var. peduncularis, platensis, praemorsus, pseudotrullifolius, psychrophilus, repens var. repens, saxifragifolius, sceleratus, sericocephalus, spegazzinii, trichophyllus, trullifolius, uniflorus f. bolivianus |
| Raphanus | raphanistrum, sativus |
| Rapistrum | rugosum |
| Ratibida | columnifera f. pulcherrima, columnifera f. columnifera |
| Raukaua | laetevirens, valdiviensis |
| Raulinoa | echinata |
| Raulinoreitzia | crenulata, leptophlebia, tremula |
| Rauvolfia | ligustrina, schuelii, sellowii, weddelliana |
| Rayenia | malalcurensis |
| Rebutia | deminuta, einsteinii ssp. aureiflora, fiebrigii, margarethae, minuscula ssp. minuscula, minuscula ssp. wessneriana, tarijensis |
| Recordia | reitzii |
| Regnellidium | diphyllum |
| Reicheella | andicola |
| Reichenbachia | paraguayensis |
| Reitzia | smithii |
| Relchela | panicoides |
| Renealmia | chrysotricha |
| Reseda | decursiva, lutea, luteola, odorata, phyteuma |
| Retanilla | ephedra, patagonica, stricta, trinervia |
| Reyesia | cactorum, chilensis, juniperoides, parviflora |
| Rhabdadenia | madida, ragonesei |
| Rhabdocaulon | denudatum, erythrostachys, gracile, grandiflorum, lavanduloides, stenodontum, strictum |
| Rhamnidium | elaeocarpum, glabrum, hasslerianum, riograndense |
| Rhamnus | cathartica, diffusa, sphaerosperma var. pubescens |
| Rhamphopetalum | microphyllum |
| Rhaphiolepis | bibas |
| Rhaphithamnus | spinosus, venustus |
| Rhaponticum | repens |
| Rhipidocladum | neumannii, parviflorum, racemiflorum |
| Rhipsalis | aculeata, agudoensis, baccifera ssp. shaferi, baccifera ssp. baccifera, burchellii, campos-portoana, cereuscula, clavata, crispata, cruciformis, dissimilis f. dissimilis, dissimilis f. epiphyllanthoides, elliptica, floccosa ssp. hohenauensis, floccosa ssp. tucumanensis, floccosa ssp. pulvinigera, grandiflora, houlletiana, juengeri, lindbergiana, lorentziana, lumbricoides, monacantha, neves-armondii, pachyptera, paradoxa, pilocarpa, puniceo-discus, russellii, teres, trigona |
| Rhizophora | mangle |
| Rhodocalyx | riedelii |
| Rhodolirium | andicola, montanum |
| Rhodophiala | bakeri, colonum, consobrina, flava, lineata, rosea |
| Rhodoscirpus | asper |
| Rhodostemonodaphne | macrocalyx |
| Rhombolytrum | koelerioides, monandrum, rhomboideum |
| Rhynchanthera | brachyrhyncha, cordata, dichotoma, novemnervia, verbenoides |
| Rhynchoryza | subulata |
| Rhynchosia | arenicola, balansae, bicentrica, burkartii, caaguazuensis, claussenii, corylifolia, diversifolia, edulis, hauthalii, lateritia, leucophylla, lineata, melanocarpa, minima, naineckensis, phaseoloides, reticulata var. reticulata, reticulata var. kuntzei, rojasii, senna |
| Rhynchosida | physocalyx |
| Rhynchospora | albiceps, albobracteata, barrosiana, biflora, boeckeleriana, brasiliensis, breviuscula, brittonii, brownii ssp. americana, caduciglumis, calyptrocaryoides, castanea, catharinensis, conferta, confinis, consanguinea, contracta, coriifolia, corymbosa var. corymbosa, corymbosa var. legrandii, crinigera, dentinux, dissitispicula, distichophylla, edwalliana, elatior var. elatior, elatior var. brevispiculosa, emaciata, exaltata, eximia, foliosa, gaudichaudii, gigantea, glaziovii, globosa, gollmeri, hassleri, hatschbachii, hieronymi ssp. montevidensis, hieronymi ssp. hieronymi, holoschoenoides, iberae, junciformis, latibracteata, loefgrenii, marisculus, megapotamica var. megapotamica, nardifolia, nervosa, orbigniana, organensis, panicoides, paranaensis, patuligluma, pedersenii, pilosa, polyantha, polyphylla, praecincta, pseudomacrostachya, pura, radicans ssp. radicans, radicans ssp. microcephala, reitzii, riparia, rugosa, rupestris, scalaris, scutellata, serrana, setigera, smithii, splendens f. composita, splendens f. splendens, spruceana, subsetosa, subtilis, tenella, tenerrima, tenuiflora, tenuis ssp. tenuis, tenuis ssp. austro-brasiliensis, terminalis var. terminalis, triflora, trispicata, velutina, waytii |
| Rhytachne | rottboellioides |
| Ribes | bicolor, catamarcanum, cucullatum, densiflorum, integrifolium, magellanicum ssp. magellanicum, magellanicum ssp. parviflorum, nemorosum, nubigenum, polyanthes, punctatum, trilobum, valdivianum |
| Richardia | brasiliensis, grandiflora, humistrata, pedicellata, scabra var. chacoensis, schumannii, stellaris |
| Richeria | grandis |
| Richterago | radiata |
| Ricinus | communis |
| Riedeliella | graciliflora |
| Rivina | humilis |
| Robinia | pseudoacacia |
| Rodriguezia | bracteata, decora, obtusifolia, pubescens, sticta |
| Rojasia | gracilis |
| Romanoa | tamnoides |
| Romulea | rosea |
| Rorippa | austroamericana, bonariensis var. bonariensis, bonariensis var. chacoensis, burkartii, clandestina, coxii, dubia, hilariana, mandonii, nana, palustris, philippiana, sylvestris |
| Rosa | canina, rubiginosa, sicula |
| Rosenbergiodendron | longiflorum |
| Rosengurttia | monandra |
| Rostkovia | magellanica |
| Rostraria | cristata, trachyantha |
| Rotala | mexicana, ramosior |
| Rottboellia | cochinchinensis |
| Roupala | asplenioides, consimilis, meisneri, montana var. brasiliensis, montana var. montana, montana var. paraensis, pallida |
| Rourea | gracilis |
| Rubia | tinctorum |
| Rubus | boliviensis, brasiliensis, caesius, constrictus, erythroclados, fruticosus, geoides, hassleri, imperialis, nitidus, niveus, paraguariensis, phoenicolasius, praecox, radicans, rosifolius var. rosifolius, rosifolius var. coronarius, sellowii, ulmifolius, urticifolius |
| Rudgea | coriacea, coronata, gardenioides, jasminoides ssp. jasminoides, jasminoides ssp. corniculata, nivosa, parquioides ssp. parquioides, parquioides ssp. caprifolium, parquioides ssp. hirsutissima, recurva |
| Rudolfiella | lindmaniana |
| Ruehssia | altissima ssp. altissima, altissima ssp. faucinuda, brasiliensis, castillonii, guaranitica, hassleriana, hatschbachii, hilariana, macrophylla, malmeana, montana, paraguaiensis, spiralis, tressensiae, ulei |
| Ruellia | angustiflora, bahiensis, brachysiphon, brevicaulis, brevifolia, bulbifera, ciliatiflora, dissitifolia, elegans, epallocaulos, erythropus, filicalyx, geminiflora, hygrophila, hypericoides, kleinii, longipedunculata, macrosolen, magniflora, morongii, multifolia var. multifolia, multifolia var. viscosissima, nobilis, reitzii, sanguinea, simplex, solitaria, woolstonii |
| Rugoloa | hylaeica, pilosa, polygonata |
| Rumex | acetosa, acetosella, aquaticiformis, argentinus, brasiliensis, conglomeratus var. vulgaris, conglomeratus var. borreri, crispissimus, crispus, cristatus, cuneifolius, darwinianus, longifolius, lorentzianus, magellanicus, maricola, maritimus, obovatus, obtusifolius, paraguayensis, patagonicus, polycarpus, pulcher, romassa, sellowianus, spinosus, uruguayensis |
| Rumohra | aconquijana, adiantiformis var. adiantiformis, adiantiformis var. laciniata, berteroana, ponceana, quadrangularis |
| Ruppia | cirrhosa, filifolia, maritima var. maritima, maritima var. longipes |
| Ruprechtia | apetala, brachysepala, exploraticis, laxiflora, salicifolia |
| Ruta | chalepensis |
| Rytidosperma | lechleri, paschale, pictum var. bimucronatum, pictum var. pictum, quirihuense, sorianoi, violaceum, virescens var. parvispiculum, virescens var. virescens |
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